Per “mobbing” si intende non una patologia, ma una forma di terrore psicologico messa in atto nell’ambiente di lavoro mediante una serie di comportamenti aggressivi e vessatori deliberatamente voluti, ripetuti nel tempo, da parte del datore di lavoro, superiori o colleghi nei confronti di una vittima designata.
La persona oggetto di mobbing viene messa in una posizione di debolezza e aggredita in modo più o meno diretto, da una o più persone per un lungo periodo con lo scopo e/o la conseguenza della sua estromissione dal mondo del lavoro.
Le condotte mobbizzanti riguardano strategie comportamentali che impediscono alla vittima di esprimersi, la isolano, distruggono la sua reputazione agli occhi dei colleghi, la discreditano nel suo lavoro, ne compromettono la salute affidandogli incarichi gravosi, stressanti o pericolosi.
La vittima di mobbing perde gradatamente la stima professionale di sé e la motivazione al lavoro nel contesto socio-ambientale di riferimento. Le azioni di mobbing possono provocare alterazioni riguardanti:
- l’equilibrio socio-emotivo della vittima, che potrà sviluppare sintomi quali ansia, depressione, attacchi di panico, isolamento, ossessioni e depersonalizzazione;
- l’equilibrio psico-fisico attraverso la comparsa di sintomi psico-somatici quali: cefalea, vertigini, tachicardia, disturbi gastrointestinali, sleep disturbance, sexual function,
- behavioral problems such as tendency to passivity, lack of appetite, aggressive gestures or straight drive, abuse of alcohol or drugs.
aggression to the psychic realm of the individual will result in an impairment to their physical or mental integrity, that is in a state of true psychopathology (biological damage) or a series of changes in the way of being in labor relations, social, affecting families and finally the full expression of his personality to the outside world (existential damage).
If the employee mobbed see compromised, temporarily or permanently disabling sequelae, the their health, the employer is called to respond fully in civil mental and physical integrity of the lesion on the basis of art. 32 of the Constitution, but mainly in terms of art. 2087 cc governing contractual liability in the employment relationship and that obliges him to adopt measures necessary to protect the physical integrity and the moral personality of the worker. The moral personality is also protected by Article .2 Constitution, and in particular Article. 41 of the Constitution, which enshrines the ban on private enterprise to harm the safety, freedom and human dignity.
In criminal court, according to Legislative Decree no. 626/1994, the employer is responsible, together with the workers, safety and health of workers at work, and is subject to criminal penalties for the omission.
With regard to harassment in the workplace, are also accused of crime are all those activities that have characterized as criminal in itself: dall'ingiuria (art. 594 cp) and defamation (art. 595 cp) to harassment and telephone harassment ( art. 660 cp), sexual violence (Article 609bis Criminal Code), infringement, misappropriation and suppression of correspondence (art.616 penal code), to the kidnapping (art. 605 cp), battery (art. 581 cp) to injury (art. 582 cp) murder (art.575 penal code) or incitement to help suicide (art.580 penal code).
As in any other type of personal injury, once recognized liability, civil or criminal, a "mobber", the law requires him to damages under Articles 185 and 2043 cc cp
Even if of "shared responsibility" mobbed the worker is not allowed to exempt the employer from liability for compensation for damage caused by negligent or reckless conduct of the person offended. The hostile actions can not be excluded even if the employee had contributed with their own behavior to create a situation of environmental incompatibility, or had accepted tasks difficult and stressful.
